Biography of George Washington, First U.S. President

George Washington (February 22, 1732–December 14, 1799) was Americas first president. He served as commander-in-chief of the Colonial Army during the American Revolution, leading the Patriot forces to victory over the British. In 1787 he presided at the  Constitutional Convention, which determined the structure of the new government of the United States, and in 1789 he was elected its president. Fast Facts: George Washington Known For: Revolutionary War hero and Americas first presidentAlso Known As: The Father of His CountryBorn: February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, VirginiaParents: Augustine Washington, Mary BallDied: December 14, 1799 in Mount Vernon, VirginiaSpouse: Martha Dandridge CustisNotable Quote: To be prepared for war is one of the most effective means of preserving peace. Early Life George Washington was born on February 22, 1732, in Westmoreland County, Virginia to Augustine Washington and Mary Ball. The couple had six children—George was the oldest—to go with three from Augustines first marriage. During Georges youth his father, a prosperous planter  who owned more than 10,000 acres of land, moved the family among three properties he owned in Virginia. He died when George was 11. His half-brother Lawrence stepped in as a father figure for George and the other children. Mary Washington was a protective and demanding mother, keeping George from joining the British Navy as Lawrence had wanted. Lawrence owned the Little Hunting Creek plantation—later renamed Mount Vernon—and George lived with him from the age of 16. He was schooled entirely in Colonial Virginia, mostly at home, and didnt go to college. He was good at math, which suited his chosen profession of surveying, and he also studied geography, Latin, and English classics. He learned what he really needed from backwoodsmen and the plantation foreman. In 1748 when he was 16, Washington traveled with a surveying party plotting land in Virginia’s western territory. The following year, aided by Lord Fairfax—a relative of Lawrences wife—Washington was appointed official surveyor of Culpeper County, Virginia. Lawrence died of tuberculosis in 1752, leaving Washington with Mount Vernon, one of Virginias most prominent estates, among other family properties. Early Career The same year his half-brother died, Washington joined the Virginia militia. He showed signs of being a natural leader, and Virginia Lt. Gov. Robert Dinwiddie appointed Washington adjutant and made him a major. On Oct. 31, 1753, Dinwiddie sent Washington to Fort LeBoeuf, later the site of Waterford, Pennsylvania, to warn the French to leave land claimed by Britain. When the French refused, Washington had to retreat hastily. Dinwiddie sent him back with troops and Washingtons small force attacked a French post, killing 10 and taking the rest prisoner. The battle marked the start of the French and Indian War, part of the worldwide conflict known as the Seven Years War between Britain and France. Washington was given the honorary rank of colonel and fought a number of other battles, winning some and losing others, until he was made commander of all Virginia troops. He was only 23. Later, he was sent home briefly with dysentery and finally, after being turned down for a commission with the British Army, he retired from his Virginia command and returned to Mount Vernon. He was frustrated by poor support from the Colonial legislature, poorly trained recruits, and slow decision-making by his superiors. On  January 6, 1759, a month after he had left the army, Washington married  Martha Dandridge Custis, a widow with two children. They had no children together. With the land he had inherited, property his wife brought with her to the marriage, and land granted him for his military service, he was one of the wealthiest landowners in Virginia. After his retirement he managed his property, often pitching in alongside the workers. He also entered politics and was elected to Virginias House of Burgesses in 1758. Revolutionary Fever Washington opposed British actions against the Colonies such as the British Proclamation Act of 1763 and the Stamp Act of 1765, but he continued to resist moves to declare independence from Britain. In 1769, Washington introduced a resolution to the House of Burgesses calling for Virginia to boycott British goods until the Acts were repealed. He began to take a leading role in Colonial resistance against the British following of the Townshend Acts in 1767. in 1774, Washington chaired a meeting that called for convening a Continental Congress, to which he became a delegate, and for using armed resistance as a last resort.  After the battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775, the political dispute became an armed conflict. Commander-in-Chief On June 15, Washington was named commander-in-chief of the Continental Army. On paper, Washington and his army were no match for the mighty British forces. But although Washington had little experience in high-level military command, he had prestige, charisma, courage, intelligence, and some battlefield experience. He also represented Virginia, the largest British colony. He led his forces to retake Boston and win huge victories at Trenton and Princeton, but he suffered major defeats, including the loss of New York City. After the harrowing winter at Valley Forge in 1777, the French recognized American Independence, contributing a large French Army and a navy fleet. More American victories followed, leading to the British surrender at Yorktown in 1781. Washington formally said farewell to his troops and on December 23, 1783, he resigned his commission as commander-in-chief, returning to Mount Vernon. New Constitution After four years of living the life of a plantation owner, Washington and other leaders concluded that the Articles of Confederation that had governed the young country left too much power to the states and failed to unify the nation. In 1786, Congress approved the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to amend the Articles of Confederation. Washington was unanimously chosen as convention president. He and other leaders, such as  James Madison  and  Alexander Hamilton, concluded that instead of amendments, a new constitution was needed. Though many leading American figures, such as  Patrick Henry  and  Sam Adams, opposed the proposed constitution, calling it a power grab, the document was approved. President Washington was elected unanimously by the Electoral College in 1789 as the nations first president. ​Runner-up John Adams became vice president. In 1792 another unanimous vote by the Electoral College gave Washington a second term. In 1794, he stopped the first major challenge to federal authority, the Whiskey Rebellion, in which Pennsylvania farmers refused to pay federal tax on distilled spirits, by sending in troops to ensure compliance. Washington did not run for a third term and retired to Mount Vernon. He was again asked to be the American commander if the U.S. went to war with France over the XYZ affair, but fighting never broke out. He died on December 14, 1799, possibly from a streptococcal infection of his throat made worse when he was bled four times. Legacy Washingtons impact on American history was massive. He led the Continental Army to victory over the British. He served as the nations first president. He believed in a strong federal government, which was accomplished through the Constitutional Convention that he led. He promoted and worked on the principle of merit. He cautioned against foreign entanglements, a warning that was heeded by future presidents. He declined a third term, setting a precedent for a two-term limit that was codified in the 22nd Amendment. In foreign affairs, Washington supported neutrality, declaring in the Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793 that the U.S. would be impartial toward belligerent powers in a war. He reiterated his opposition to foreign entanglements in his farewell address in 1796. George Washington is considered one of the most important and influential U.S. presidents whose legacy has survived for centuries. Sources George Washington  Biography. Biography.com.George Washington: President of the United States. Encyclopedia Brittanica.

The Ferguson Riots And Racial Profiling Essay - 1701 Words

Social movements are an integral part of a cohesive and progressive society. Movements have been made throughout history and so it’s unsurprising that so many have occurred in the relatively short existence of the United States. One particular movement in current history is the Ferguson protests of 2014 that were marked by rioting in the streets of the small St. Louis suburb. These riots serve to show the significant unrest surrounding the way black people are treated in this country as well as to demonstrate that racism is still a very large problem in our society. The Ferguson riots were a product of a long period of discrimination towards and mistreatment of the black community in Ferguson and were ignited by the murder of a young black man named Michael Brown. Michael was shot and killed by a police officer who believed that the young man was a danger to his life. This is one of many of these killings that seem to be centered on racial profiling done by police officers, and fueled by the societal perception that black people (men, in particular) are inherently dangerous and usually armed. There has been case after case of police officers shooting innocent black men and women simply because the officers get scared and overreact. Police brutality towards people of color is something that desperately needs to be addressed so that we can prevent the continued loss of precious life. The protest in Ferguson lasted for several days or weeks at a time, recurring several timesShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality Of African Americans1405 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans has increased. This violence has resulted in riots across the United States. The August 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri many Americans, some who are former Civil Rights activists, have spoken out against police brutality. Black Lives Matter states that the movement’s goal is to bring justice to the present unjust police killings of African Americans. Looking at prior cases of brutality and its connection to racial profiling, such as the police shooting of Ronald Stokes in 1962Read MoreRacial Tensions By Dennis Prager922 Words   |  4 PagesLeft’s falsehood of ‘racial tensions’ is based on the actual behavior of the vast majority of white Americans, nothing white America can do will affect the perceptions of many black Americans or of the leftist libel.† This quote defends the idea that in most cases, the racial tension is one sided and without clear evidence. One of the most recent national conflicts deals with the shooting and killing of Michael Brown (a black man) by a white police officer (Holder Announces Ferguson Probe, Review ofRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects1173 Words   |  5 Pagesexample the Eric Garner case, Ferguson and many more. There were 382 fatalities reported relating to police brutality. It is violating someone s rights if police brutality is practiced. If police brutality happens, it is violating someone s eighth amendment Constitutional right regarding cruel and unusual punishment. American citizens are outraged by police misconduct and how police officers handle situations using too much excessive force, which can cause riots. Police brutality has been increasingRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1465 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Profiling Racial Profiling is just what it is. Targeting individuals for suspicion of a violation determined by the individual’s race, ethnicity, religion or national origin. Race and location are the supreme characteristics law enforcement visually examine when engaging in this type of profiling. African-American males are the primary victims of racial profiling in the United States. The phrase â€Å"driving while black† derive from African Americans protesting that they are pulled over by policeRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Justice System994 Words   |  4 Pagesdescription. This behavior is referred to as racial profiling and it is killing, wrongfully accusing and creating division amongst the people and justice system. The justice system must redesign the policy and procedures, which relate to racial profiling, because it is not protecting the rights of the people, it is attacking them. Even though racial profiling has built walls between the people and the justice system, at the same time racial profiling has driven away unwanted terrorist’s attacks similarRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1160 Words   |  5 Pagesby police and many other people for committing crimes. This is called racial profiling, and it is an issue going on around us. Some considers racial profiling a new phenomenon, and it is important to examine it because it is a foundational aspect of law and law enforcement in the United States. Glover in the book Racial Profiling: Research, Racism, and Resistance defines racial profiling in contemporary times â€Å"as the use of racial and or ethnic status as the determinant factor in decision to stop motoristRead MoreRacism : The Criminal Justice System1040 Words   |  5 PagesKing Jr. to Ferguson, Missouri. The path that racism takes is from old time’s point of view. The way to clear up racism in our criminal justice system is simple and easy. Americans need to fully understand the idea of equality. Second, police need to stop doing racial profiling. Finally, the criminal justice system needs to be kinder to different races. Americans need to abolish the idea that racism needs to be alive. The criminal justice system does still do a bit of racial profiling. First, americansRead MoreRacism in America: From Jim Crow to Trayvon Martin1758 Words   |  7 Pages Racism is an issue that has always troubled the United States since its beginning. From the time of slavery to the Jim Crow laws that followed the passing of the 13th Amendment; from the Civil Rights era to the Rodney King beating and subsequent riots in LA; from anger over apartheid in Africa to support of Nelson Mandela by Americans both black and white; from the shooting of Trayvon Martin to the acquittal of George Zimmerman every generation has had to confront the issue of race and racism. ThisRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1560 Words   |  7 Pageslook suspicious. Whether the person is African American, Hispanic, Indian, or Muslim, racial profiling is wrong. With all of the recent controversy surrounding the problem, one would think that it would occur much less but that is not the case. Racial profiling has caused a recent uproar in America, and it has becom e the reason why many people have turned their backs on law enforcement for good. â€Å"Racial profiling is the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials targeting individuals forRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States2227 Words   |  9 Pagesshopping, either knowingly or unknowingly has been a victim of some type of racial profiling. People need to realize that racial profiling happens very often to innocent people that are targeted based on race and sometimes religion. Racial profiling can be defined as when an individual is stopped or detained because they are perceived to be more likely to be involved in some sort of criminal activity (Ward, 2002, 726). Racial profiling has been a huge issue in our society for many years especially for African

Indira Gandhi was a Loved, Hated, and Respected Leader of...

â€Å"All my games were political games; I was, like Joan Of Arc, perpetually being burned at the stake.† These are meaningful words of the ever so loved, hated, and looked up to woman of India: Indira Gandhi. Indira Ghil;678andhi, as the late prime minister of India, is still is remembered to this day for the impact she had on the world. As the prime minister of India during a time of political turmoil and being a vulnerable target, it was hard for her to use her power for benefits. Although the obstacles that made her struggle, she maintained standing her ground and ended up leading India to where they are today politically. Indira Gandhi was born on November 19, 1917 to Jawaharlal Nehru and Kamala Nehru. Indira was practically born into the political world. Her father, Jawaharlal Nehru, was the first prime minister of India. Indira was constantly around politics and became very used to the idea of what being a prime minister is like. Indira was mostly taught by tutors in her home growing up. When she did attend school it was not year round. This let her spend as much time at home with one on one tutors as much as she needed to. As a child, the only time she was around her father was when he wasn’t away because of his job. Most of her childhood, she was home with her mother, Kamala. It was hard for Indira most of the time because while her father was always working and not home, her mother was bed ridden because of multiple illnesses. Although her mother being sick,Show MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesrecession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression from the late 1860s to the

The Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy - 1754 Words

Throughout political history, there has been many conspiracies believed to have occurred within our country. A conspiracy is a secret plan created by a group in order to carry out an unlawful or harmful action. These conspiracies cannot be seen with our naked eye because the people of the United States aren’t always correctly informed by government officials of these tragic events that occur. Many of these conspiracies involve the assassinations of previous presidents, vice presidents, senators, civil rights activists and political figures. Assassinations although tragic are inevitable that usually occur due to political reasons or payments and they don’t only affect the lives of their families but the lives of innocent citizens. Three political assassinations that might interest you are the assassinations of President Abraham Lincoln, President John F. Kennedy and his brother Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy considering they were all very important political figures and their stories might of not been fully revealed. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 and raised in a one bedroom log cabin with both parents Thomas and Nancy Lincoln in Hodgenville, Kentucky. Abraham Lincoln was a former civil rights activist, U.S representative, lawyer, farmer, and 16th president of the United States of America. Abraham Lincoln had many accomplishments he was the mastermind in the establishment of The Secret Service although at that time because he created it on the same dayShow MoreRelatedThe Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy1242 Words   |  5 Pages1963: The assassination of President John F. Kennedy is an event in American history that will forever as one of the nation’s darkest days. The brutal murder of the President is seemingly terrible enough, but suspicious decisions of the federal government in regards to investigating the assassination alienated American youths from being able to trust the government, and is partially responsible for the current detachment that many citizen s feel towards it. Many things about the assassination do notRead MoreThe Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy1376 Words   |  6 PagesLee Harvey Oswald and the assassination of President John F. Kennedy November 22, 1963 (Jennings), a day that changed American history, and a day that’s events still haunt the nation of freedom and liberty. Whether it be Jacqueline Kennedy’s pained cries or the hoodless limousine, a piece of this day in history lies in every American’s mind. The assassination of President John F. Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States of America (Bugliosi 11), to this day has several conspiraciesRead MoreThe Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy1112 Words   |  5 PagesThe assassination of President John F. Kennedy is one of the most memorable days in American history. The Making of Modern America states â€Å"Americans would compare the personal impact of the assassination to Pearl Harbor, and later to the collapse of the World Trade Center in New York† (123). Kennedy’s assassination brought about many conspiracy theories and ultimately begs the question, what if Kennedy had lived? President John F. Kennedy was sworn into office on January 20, 1961. Kennedy and hisRead MoreThe Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy1951 Words   |  8 Pagesinevitable.† JFK was a man defined by his morality, however his appeasing methods were perceived by some as a weakness, ultimately preluding his inescapable death. It is to a highly significant extent that the CIA was responsible for the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, as contrasting ideologies, acting as motive, integrated with extensive influence and power, enabled the CIA to eliminate JFK, to infiltrate their own desired means of governing. as an impediment of desired governing. UncertaintyRead MoreThe Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe Assassination of President John F. Kennedy â€Å"On Friday, November 22, 1963 just southwest of the intersection of Elm and Houston streets in Dallas, Texas, hundreds of people witnessed one of the most famous murders in recent history† (Waggoner 8) . His wife was with him and she tried to save him but he died on the way to the hospital. President Kennedy was only 46 years old when he got killed. His term of presidency lasted from 1961-1963 (Kreiser Par.) President Kennedy was married with 3 kidsRead MoreThe Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy2245 Words   |  9 Pagestruly killed President John F. Kennedy? The facts of the most famous assassination of an United States President in history are clear. The assassination happened on a routine visit to Dallas, Texas on the Presidential campaign trail. At 12:30pm shots are fired and President John F. Kennedy is mortally wounded. President John F. Kennedy is rushed to nearby Parkland Hospital. At 1:00pm President John F. Kennedy is pronounced dead. Approximately 1:15pm, 45minutes after the assassination, John F. Kennedy’sRead MoreEssay on The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy1576 Words   |  7 Pagesheld on November 22, 1963, but by mid-afternoon one of the most tragic events to ever plague not only the United States but the entire world. The assassination of President John F. Kennedy would go on to be one of the most infamous days in history; surrounded in scanda ls, controversy, and conspiracy. There were three main reasons that the president was in Dallas, Texas. One of those reasons being his mission of reelection. Another reason was to raise more Democratic Party presidential campaignRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy s Assassination2463 Words   |  10 Pages President John F. Kennedy s assassination has plagued the nation for over fifty years. America has come to associate death, conspiracy, and change with the tragic events of November 22, 1963. John and Jackie Kennedy traveled from the White House to the state of Texas to began a campaigning tour for the upcoming presidential election. Kennedy began his trip with hopes of securing votes to help him secure a victory for the 1964 election. John F. Kennedy began his tour through Texas to regain supportRead MoreThe Assassination Of Presidents Abraham Lincoln And John F Kennedy1225 Words   |  5 PagesMany treasonous acts have plagued American soil in the past, most notably, the assassinations of Presidents Abraham Lincoln and John F Kennedy. Tragic events such as a loss of a political figure, or leader, emphasize the dark and bloody motives that often stem from greed and lead to poor decision making skills. Oftentimes, similar incidents occur in both literature and Hollywood productions, from Shakespeare’s classic plays to James Bond films, with the antagonist always facing dire consequencesRead Moreâ€Å"The President Has Been Shot† the Assassination of John F. Kennedy600 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The President Has Been Shot† the Assassination of John F. Kennedy tells the story of one of the most horrifying events in American history. James L. Swanson takes the reader through the events leadin g up to the assassination and depicts the sunny, Texas afternoon on November 22, 1963 with dramatic details and an impeccable perspective. Born in Brookline, Massachusetts in May of 1917, Kennedy remains the youngest man ever elected president of the United States. John, known to friends as Jack, had

The Civil Rights Movement Essay - 1180 Words

The civil rights movement was a span of time when the African Americans endeavor was to acquire their constitutional rights of which they were being deprived. A commendable bearing of the civil rights movement was the unachievable triumph that the blacks sought after and built. Through courage, persistence, and determination, the African Americans won their independence (enotes, 2010). The civil rights evolution was a period when society was oppressed for many years, rose up against the disadvantage and accomplished their freedom. Many were unsettled with the way the civil rights movement was being toted out in the 1960s (Marable, 1992). As a consequence, someone assassinated the leader of the crusade; Dr.Martin Luther King Jr.†¦show more content†¦The decrease of support for the Vietnam War began in 1968. Despite the antiwar activity in the United States that had been existing before, the Tat Offensive opened the eyes of numberless people. Some people continued to be h ighly supportive of the war and firmly trusted that if the South fell to communism, the Domino Theory would incur (Ellis, 1969). Some started to dispute the motives behind the US governments sharing in Vietnam. They arrived proclaiming to be fighting for freedom, democracy and independence but the governance that they were supporting in South Vietnam was anything but equality and therefore it was immoral to support them. Some deemed that the Vietnam War needed transparent objectives. The foundation of the 1960s had a distinctive bearing in the social history of United States and the opinion of the people. Martin Luther King conducted a non-violent protest for the civil rights movement that was a period for people who were burdened for many years to emerge against their odds and gain their freedom. Over time there have been many admirable protestors who have made meaningful changes to the manner in which the world is today, some for the better and some for the worse. One of the most operative and consequential protestors was a man by the name of Martin Luther King Jr. He had monumental courage and passion to vanquish segregation and racism that existed in the United StatesShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Civil Rights Movement1179 Words   |  5 Pagessegregations. Out of the numerous elements that arose in the 1960s, there are three movements that truly affected the American society. Firstly, the rise of the civil rights movement was greatly influenced by racial discrimination of colored people in the South. Secondly, the women’s movement aimed to convince the society that women are capable of achieving and maintaining higher waged job like males. Lastly, the gay rights movement aimed to gain acceptance and stop discrimination of homosexuality. The mostRead MoreThe Folk Music Of The Civil Rights Movement1208 Words   |  5 PagesResponse Paper #4 The folk music of the Civil Rights Movement â€Å"came out of tradition, common experience, and generations of resistance† (Dunaway 2010: 140). The songs used throughout the movement derived from the shared experiences and struggles of African Americans while connecting â€Å"the gentle, idealistic world of folk music and the integrationist world of civil rights† (Dunaway 2010: 145). Songs, such as â€Å"We Shall Overcome†, were put through the folk process, where a song is passed on and alterationsRead MoreThe Great Leaders Of The Civil Rights Movement1563 Words   |  7 Pages They seem to be forgotten until they are highlighted once again. Another example of a person that was not really highlighted for their actions is Nina Simone. She made an impact on the Civil Right Movement that not many other artist or celebrity would have done. When you think of the Civil Rights Movement the first three that come to mind of course are, Martin Luther King Jr., Malco m X, and Rosa Parks. So, when someone hears the name Nina Simone the two most common responses might be â€Å"Who’sRead MoreSocial Movements : Black Civil Rights2647 Words   |  11 PagesSocial movements are vital to the establishment of our societies, and they way we are governed. Social movements help the less privileged band together to create a stronger voice among a sea of political correctness and unlawfully rule that the public supposedly have to abide by without question. Movements create this new form of platform that, if done successfully, are able to create a worldwide frenzy where people from across all walks of life, including politicians, academics, the less fortunateRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement: Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. changed history not only for African American’s, but for all who live in the United States. Martin was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia. As a child Martin attended many public segregated schools throughout Georgia until he graduated at the age of fifteen. Following high school, Martin Luther King Jr. attended many colleges such as, Morehouse College, Crozer Theological Seminary, and Boston University. While studyingRead MoreCauses Of The Civil Rights Movement954 Words   |  4 Pagesquote was very much true. Post civil war times were hard on African Americans. Even though at the time they were considered free, they were often criticized and discriminated against. Finally, shootings, brutality, and unfair treatment were enough. In an effort to end racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans all over the country, they took a stand. This was known as the Civil Rights Movement. There were many interesting events that cause d this movement. The three main causes thatRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.† This was a speech by Martin Luther King Jr. Even one hundred years after slavery was banned, African Americans were still being treated unfairly. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most famous leaders of the Civil Rights movement in the 1960’s. The Civil Rights movement was a movement of AfricanRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pages The civil right movement refers to the reform movement in the United States beginning in the 1954 to 1968 led primarily by Blacks for outlawing racial discrimination against African-Americans to prove the civil rights of personal Black citizen. For ten decades after the Emancipation Proclamation, African-Americans in Southern states still live a rigid unequal world of deprive right of citizenship, segregation and various forms of oppression, including race-inspired violence. â€Å"JimRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pages The Civil Rights Movement The 13th amendment, passed on the first of January, 1865 abolished slavery throughout America. Although African Americans were considered free after this amendment was approved, they still had a long and arduous struggle to absolute freedom. Before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, segregation in the United States was frequently used throughout many of the Southern and Border States. Schools, bathrooms, libraries, and even water fountains were segregated. Though there wereRead MoreCivil Rights Movement Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement, also known as the American Civil Rights, was a mass movement during the 1950s and 1960s. It was one of the most intricate social movements of mankind. The Civil Rights Movement was a period where African Americans did not have the same equal rights or treatment as the whites. Instead, African Americans were segregated from whites by not going to school together, having to sit in the back of the bus, not being able to move freely, or not having the right to vote. Over the

M2M and the Internet of Things in the Mining Industry

Question: There certainly is a lot of interest in the Machine to machine (M2M) market. Telstra has proudly announced it now has more than one million M2M connections, and we hear similar success stories from around the world. Answer: 1.0 Introduction Automation is the utilization of different control frameworks for working supplies, for example, apparatus, forms in plants, boilers and high temperature treating stoves, exchanging in phone systems, guiding and adjustment of boats, airplane and different applications with insignificant or decreased human intercession. A few methodologies have been totally mechanized. The greatest profit of mechanization is that it spares the work; in any case, it is additionally used to spare vitality and materials and to enhance the quality, exactness, and accuracy. Automation has been accomplished by different means. Confounded frameworks, for example, present day processing plants, planes and ships ordinarily utilize all these joined systems. There surely is a considerable measure of enthusiasm for the Machine to machine (M2M) market. Machine to Machine (M2M) alludes to advances that permit both remote and wired frameworks to speak with different gadgets of the same type. M2M is a broad word that do not place meaning in a particular remote or wired systems administration, data and interchanges innovation. This wide term is especially utilized by business administrators. M2M is viewed as a necessary piece of the Internet of Things (IoT) and brings a few advantages to industry and business all in all as it has an extensive variety of uses, for example, modern mechanization, logistics, Smart Grid, Smart Cities, wellbeing, barrier and so forth basically for observing additionally for control purposes. So as to back the quick new advancement and th e overall appropriation of the Internet of Things and in addition the proceeded with development of M2M innovation and its expansive scale applications later on, a worldwide selection and arrangement of the Internet Protocol Version 6 (Ipv6) are obliged for the reason that the larger section of the sensors and machine-discernable identifiers expected to make the Internet of Things a reality will require a greatly huge location space. Regardless of the fact that the current supply of Ipv4 locations were not to be depleted soon, the measure of Ipv4 itself is not sufficiently extensive to backing the future necessity of IoT. Hence, the future accomplishment of M2M, as an essential piece of the IoT, will generally be dictated by the effective worldwide selection of Ipv6. M2M can incorporate the instance of mechanical instrumentation - embodying a gadget, (for example, a sensor or meter) to catch an occasion, that is transferred through a system to an application that create an appreciation of the attracted situation into important data (for instance, things need to be restocked).Such correspondence was initially fulfilled by having a remote system of machines hand-off data again to a focal center point for investigation, which would then be rerouted into a framework like an individual computer. Be that as it may, current M2M correspondence has extended past a coordinated association and changed into an arrangement of systems that transmits information to individual apparatuses. The extension of IP systems over the world has made it far less demanding for M2m correspondence to happen and has reduced the measure of force and time fundamental for data to be conveyed between machines. These systems additionally permit a show of new business open doors and associations in the middle of buyers and makers regarding the items being sold. The vast majority of the M2M exercises are occurring unnoticed, and their numbers are commonly more prominent than those being advanced via analysts and administrations organizations. The explanation behind is computerization has been being worked on for more than two decades. The issue, then again, was that the advances were costly, and network was troublesome. Both of these issues have now changed innovation has gotten to be very economical, and portable administrators have opened up their systems and are putting forth administrations focused on expenses that make M2M organization much more reasonable. Much of the time incorporating an M2M capacity in another item adds stand out every penny to the expense. 2.0 Streamlining computerization in the mining industry The universe of correspondence innovations is developing by a wide margin. Simply a couple of years prior, the thought of having Internet network just about any place was unbelievable, keeping in mind there has been an immense progression, progress doesn't appear to be ceasing at whatever time soon. Among a percentage of the rising patterns that both organizations and shoppers are getting to be more intrigued by and eager about are machine to machine (M2M) arrangements, which help gadgets correspond with each other to make some genuinely unimaginable comforts. So what we now see is that numerous associations that have been included in these computerization forms for a long time and with a decent understanding of what they can do with M2M are presently accelerating their arrangements. These incorporate makers, the mining industry, transport associations, foundation associations et cetera. Moreover, all new electronic gadgets are currently M2M gadgets. A huge number of savvy meters ha ve as of now been conveyed by the power business, with truly countless them in the pipeline. The late obtaining by Google of NEST, the producer of shrewd home gadgets, for example, thermometers, will see an alternate blast of M2M gadgets. Medicinal services are an alternate key industry. All new doctors facilities now work huge scale M2M operations, following their supplies with ongoing data of what is the place. Telemedicine is an alternate zone, with keen pills giving a much more successful treatment. Most districts comprehend the requirement for keen urban areas. With more individuals moving into urban communities in which the downtown area can't expand its size the inquiry is the way to handle more developments, exchanges and exercises inside a constrained space. Throughout the most recent 20 years most chambers have put enormously in mapping their benefits; this is presently being caught up by adding network to these advantages whether it is streetlamps, waste, sewerage or trees, all are at the present time getting to be a piece of a shrewd city. 3.0 Different improvement for the Mining Industry Machine-to-Machine (M2M) correspondence is a progressive innovation that permits viable supervision and upkeep of physical resources. M2M correspondence has verifiably spoken to the incorporation of chip, microcontrollers and sensors with interchanges, observing and control frameworks to enhance efficiencies and viability of business operations. Exceptional reason M2M gadgets go in a multifaceted nature, from single reason to multi-reason. For most cases, they are intended to work self-governing as per a foreordained set of operational managers free from outside impedance, subsequently upgrading the profit for M2m speculation. M2M gadget suppliers not just insert their M2M modules with firmware that oversees fittings parts, yet they normally supply them with design programming that empowers experts to characterize decides that represent the conduct of M2M gadgets, for instance associating occasion information with particular activities. Early adopters of such joined frameworks report every day about 'wow minutes' discovering things about their associations that they didn't have even an inkling, and hence empowering these associations to be more successful and productive. A large portion of the expenses of M2M activities is in connection with this framework combination process; interestingly ten every penny is system costs, with applications and administration part generally similarly to make up the staying. 4.0 The Benefits of Automation in the mining industry 4.1 Shorter process durations Displaying permits organizations to characterize and streamline business forms, by dispensing with unnecessary assignments, realigning steps and streamlining data stream. While this commonly abbreviates process durations massively, the enhancements frequently aren't sufficient to achieve a dependable game changer. Manual procedures have a common constraint to how quick they can stream. With procedure mechanization, assignments can be executed in parallel, are in a flash exchanged to the following venture on finishing and consider warnings and accelerations when due dates arrive. In the event, that your organization needs to achievement manual procedure constraints or your workers experience issues staying aware of the workload, you ought to consider supporting them with methodology computerization programming. 4.2 Decrease workload Application programming today gives gigantic esteem that we wouldn't have any desire to miss anymore from a straightforward spell checking to information examination or broad estimations. In manual methods, individuals behavior steps and undertakings that could pretty much also be taken care of by procedure mechanization programming, much the same as application programming helps us accomplish the work quicker. Manual methodologies are restricted to the capacity of use programming to help representatives accomplish the work. Procedure of automation arranges for workers from work that can be taken care of all the more effectively by frameworks so they can concentrate on developing the business. 4.3 Measure work Organizations are putting intensely in the zone of Business Intelligence to create information that is obliged to settle on keen choices focused on business information. While information can be extricated from applications, manual procedure stream can't be measured consequently and in this way organizations are as yet driving their organizations absolutely focused on sound judgment, experience, and guts feeling. By executing methodology mechanization, process information is gathered naturally and is accessible for observing and examination. This information helps you settle on significant choices and furnishes you with ahead of schedule signs about methodology deviations inside your operation. 4.4 Eliminate Human Errors Indeed, the best manual procedure does not keep individuals from committing errors. There are unending conceivable outcomes of what can happen. Expanding workload surely is a key driver of human blunder creating a great deal of revamp and disappointment and forcing hazard on the organization. Frameworks can help forestall human slips on information entrance through credibility checks and are intended to perform the same assignments again and again with the same amazing result, which is a key preference of procedure mechanization. Quality is a key differentiator in numerous markets since consumer loyalty is nearly interrelated with it. Since there are approaches to give excellent, lapse free results it has turned into a basic for organizations to robotize business forms with business process administration programming. 4.5 Consistence While numerous exchanges around agreeability today concentrate on tenets and regulations forced on organizations, usage really is the all the more difficult part comparatively to business forms: Effective techniques can just convey the expected results if workers conform to the characterized methodology stream and assignment taking care. Business process administration programming guarantees that administer are emulated, characterized steps are taken, and methodologies get to be straightforward. In today's aggressive business environment where we are asked to cut expenses and accomplish more with less, transform change and mechanization is fundamental to staying alive and gathering our key destinations. Process mechanization can encourage process execution and change, give consistency in execution, guarantee consistency, and permit us to change in light of quickly changing conditions and requests. A decent automation framework will give a simple approach to computerize procedures, direction assignments, and move information between procedure players. It will likewise give the adaptability and nimbleness to backing a steadily evolving environment. Are you prepared to stretch out beyond the opposition, move your organization to the following level of execution; you owe it to yourself to "examine process mechanization. 5.0 The internet of things in the Mining Industry A thing, in the Internet of Things, can be an individual with a heart screen embed, a ranch creature with a biochip transponder, a vehicles that has inherent sensors to alarm the driver when tire weight is low - or whatever other regular or man-made question that can be allocated an IP address and gave the capacity to exchange information with a system. As such, the Internet of Things has been most nearly connected with machine-to-machine (M2M) correspondence in assembling and power, oil and gas utilities. Items constructed with M2M correspondence capacities are regularly alluded to as being brilliant. Ipv6's tremendous increment in a location space is a vital component in the improvement of the Internet of Things. As indicated by Steve Leibson, the location space extension implies that we could "appoint an Ipv6 location to each particle on the surface of the earth, and still have enough delivers left to do an alternate 100 earths." as it were; people could undoubtedly relegate an IP location to each "thing" on the planet. An increment in the quantity of shrewd hubs, and also the measure of upstream information the hubs create, is required to raise new worries about information protection, information power, and security. In spite of the fact that the idea wasn't named until 1999, the Internet of Things has get created for a reasonable duration of time. The primary Internet machine, for instance, was a Coke machine at Carnegie Melon University in the early 1980s. The developers could associate with the machine over the Internet, check the status of the machine and figure out if or not there would be a frosty beverage anticipating them, if they select to create the move down to the machine. Today machines - and, in this way, the Internet - are very nearly completely subject to individuals for data. About the greater part of the approximately 50 petabytes (a petabyte is 1,024 terabytes) of information accessible on the Internet were initially caught and made by people by writing, pressing a record catch, taking a computerized picture or checking a scanner tag. The issue is; individuals have restricted time, consideration, and precision - all of which means they are bad at catching information about things in this present reality. On the off chance that we had machines that knew everything there was to think about things - utilizing information they accumulated without any assistance from us - we would have the capacity to track and number everything and enormously diminish waste, misfortune and expense. We would know when things required supplanting, repairing or reviewing and whether they were crisp or past their best." There are numerous points of interest of consolidating IoT into our lives, which can help people, organizations, and society regularly. For people, this new idea can come in numerous structures including wellbeing, security, monetarily, and consistently arranging. The incorporation of IoT into the social insurance framework could end up being inconceivably advantageous for both an individual and a general public. A chip could be executed by every person, considering healing centers to screen the key indications of the patient. By following their essential signs, it could help show whether genuine appraisal is fundamental. With the majority of the data that is accessible on the Internet, it can likewise alarm individuals into accepting they require more care than what is truly required. Healing facilities as of now battle to survey and deal with the patients that they have. By checking singular's wellbeing, it will permit them to judge who needs essential consideration. The Internet o f Things can likewise aid individuals with their individual wellbeing. ADT, which is a home security framework, permits people to screen their security frameworks at home through their telephones, with the capacity to control it. Additionally, an alternate innovation that has as of now been discharged is GM Onstar. This is a framework that is installed in GM autos that can identify if an accident has happened and it naturally calls 9-1-1. It can likewise track the development of the auto. IoT can likewise work as an instrument that can spare individuals cash inside their family units. On the instance that their home apparatuses have the capacity impact, they can work in a vitality productive way. At last, IoT can support individuals with their ordinary arrangements. A fascinating case that was given to a feature was the correspondence between numerous gadgets that consequently changed in accordance with let an individual rest in. Despite the fact that this may sound immaterial, the abuse of time expenses us "$135 billion a year" (Koreshoff, 2012). By permitting physical gadgets to convey, it is taking the information that is separately gathered, imparting it, and afterward making an interpretation of the data into approaches to make our current frameworks more productive. Organizations can likewise harvest numerous profits from the Internet of Things. IoT can be helpful in various classes including resource following and stock control, delivery and area, security, individual following, and vitality protection. As said some time recently, IoT considers the correspondence between gadgets, regularly alluded to as Machine-to-Machine (M2m) correspondence. With this being conceivable, physical gadgets have the capacity impact of individuals telling them their condition and where it is found. Gadgets, for example, trucks or boats take into consideration the most extreme ability to be filled with correspondence among gadgets and after that transferring that data to an individual to exploit the information supplied. These consolidated expand income by cutting expense of inefficiencies inside the business. A particular sample from "A Successful 'Web of Things' Hinges on M2M" article, is the operation of Nestles Nespresso Coffee Machine, which has "the capacity to screen components, for example, temperature setting, vibration, and weight aides guarantee quality yield, possibly prompting more noteworthy consumer loyalty and proceeded with rehash business" (Frenzel, 2012). In spite of the fact that the thought appears to be truly straightforward, it can be extremely profitable for an organization to use the IoT to guarantee quality administration is given to their clients. Conclusion In conclusion, an alternate focal point of IoT is the capacity to track singular customers and to focus on these purchasers focused on the data supplied by the gadgets. As it were, it gives a more "customized" framework that could conceivably expand business deals and expands their demographic all spheres including the mining industry. Moreover, with the expanded measure of gadgets joined with the Internet the Smart Grid extends, preserving more vitality (Frenzel, 2012). Gadgets can settle on choices and adjust without human direction to lessen their vitality use. The IoT has numerous favorable circumstances to organizations, people, buyers, the earth, and society, however as with any engineering, there are dependable repercussions and contentions that emerge. Organizations can likewise harvest numerous profits from the Internet of Things. Iot can be helpful in a wide range of classes including resource following and stock control, transportation and area, security, individual following, and vitality preservation. As said some time recently, Iot takes into account the correspondence between gadgets, usually alluded to as Machine-to-Machine (M2m) correspondence. With this being conceivable, physical gadgets have the capacity convey to individuals telling them their condition and where it is spotted. Gadgets, for example, trucks or boats take into consideration the greatest ability to be filled by correspondence among gadgets and after that transferring that data to an individual to exploit the information supplied. These consolidated augment income by cutting expense of inefficiencies inside the business. References Dobrin, C. (2014). Industry 4.0, M2m, IotSAll Equal?. ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis, 64(1), 40-45. Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future Generation Computer Systems, 29(7), 1645-1660. Floeck, M., Papageorgiou, A., Schuelke, A., Song, J. (2014, March). Horizontal M2M platforms boost vertical industry: Effectiveness study for building energy management systems. In Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 2014 IEEE World Forum on (pp. 15-20). IEEE. Fan, Z., Haines, R. J., Kulkarni, P. (2013). M2M Communications for E-Health and Smart Grid: An Industry and Standard Perspective. arXiv preprint arXiv:1306.3323. Lynas, D., Horberry, T. (2011). Human factor issues with automated mining equipment. Ergonomics Open Journal, 4, 74-80. Jin-hua, W. A. N. G. (2013). New Progress on China Coal Mining Machinery Equipment and Automation Technology. Coal Science and Technology, 1, 000. Patton, M., Gross, E., Chinn, R., Forbis, S., Walker, L., Chen, H. (2014, September). Uninvited Connections: A Study of Vulnerable Devices on the Internet of Things (IoT). In Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference (JISIC), 2014 IEEE Joint (pp. 232-235). IEEE. Sun, E., Zhang, X., Li, Z. (2012). The internet of things (IOT) and cloud computing (CC) based tailings dam monitoring and pre-alarm system in mines. Safety science, 50(4), 811-815. Van Kranenburg, R., Anzelmo, E., Bassi, A., Caprio, D., Dodson, S., Ratto, M. (2011). The Internet of things. A critique of ambient technology and the all-seeing network of RFID, Network Notebooks, 2. Xu, L., He, W., Li, S. (2014). Internet of Things in industries: A survey.

Race Puddnhead Wilson Essay Example For Students

Race Puddnhead Wilson Essay Puddnhead WilsonThe book, Puddnhead Wilson, seems like a modern day soap opera. It has onemain theme with other stories and subplots that revolve around it. With allthese stories, Mark Twain must of had many influences to help him write thiswonderful book. Before we begin to discuss that, let me give you a littlebackground on his book. Contrary to the title Puddnhead Wilson, the maincharacter, to me, seems to be Roxanas son Valet de Chambers/Tom Driscoll. Whythe reason for the two names? Well, let me explain. Roxy is 1/16 part black, butthat still makes here black and a slave. She belonged to Percy Driscoll, who hadson named Tom. Tom was born around the same time that Roxys son, Chambers,was. Both boys looked remarkably alike, since Chambers is only 1/32 part black,he too looked like white boy. So, in order to save her baby boy from gettingsent down the river, she switches the two babies. It seems almost like thetwinned, but unrelated story of the Prince and the Pauper (http://etext. lib.virginia.edu/railton/wilson/mttwins.html). Most of the story revolves around Roxys son, Tom/Chambers, but there are someother subplots mixed in with their tale. Another plot that you would read, wouldbe about the extraordinary twins. These Italian twins, Luigi and Angelo Capello,come to Dawsons Landing to rent a room from old Widow Cooper. The whole townquickly becomes infatuated with their stories of royalty and far away places. While reading, one cant help to wonder if these twins are lying about theirlavish lives to the naive towns people. The actual story of Puddnhead Wilsonhimself is and interesting one. His real name before the dubbed him PuddnheadWilson is David Wilson. Hes a young lawyer, who just moved into the smalltown. On his first day there, he made a comment to a couple of the locals thathe would regret for many, many years to come. This is the same time when hedbecome known as Puddnhead Wilson. Later in the story it shows how he finallyover comes that nickname after many years of living with it by using his unusualfinger print collection hes been keeping. In the book you will also readabout a murder, a trial, and a prophecy. One may wonder where Mark Twainsinfluences came from. Well, it all starts in his home town of Hannibal,Mississippi (http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/railton/wilson/pwhompg.html). In manyof his books he models the town off of where he grew up and this is also truefor the villag e of Dawsons Landing in Puddnhead Wilson. Even though hemoved the village a couple hundred miles down the Mississippi, you still seeinfluences from his childhood. Before Twain ever thought of writing PuddnheadWilson, he first wrote Those Extraordinary Twins. After he finished writingThose Extraordinary Twins, he wrote a letter to Fred Hall, in which he said,I begin, today, to entirely re-cast and re-write the first two-thirds newplan, with two minor characters, made very prominent, one major charactercropped out, and the Twins subordinated to a minor but not insignificant place. The minor character will now become the chiefest, and I will name the storyafter him Puddnhead Wilson (http://marktwain.miningco.com/library/letters.bl_letter921212).At first, Puddnhead Wilson, was going to be a farce about Siamese twins (mttwins). Instead, it turned out to be a story of irony of two almost identical babiesswitched at birth. One was white and the other was only 1/32 part black. Thatsmall fraction made Chambers a slave and doomed to a life of poverty, abuse, andfear of being sent down the river, even though he look exactly like a whiteperson. Mark Twain originally had the book published under the name The Tragedyof Puddnhead Wilson and The Comedy of Those Extraordinary Twins (pwhompg). Itwas first published in America on November 28, 1894 (pwhompg).Now, you can seethe book as just Puddnhead Wilson. Its funny how Mr. Twain calls it thetragedy of Puddnhead Wilson, when in the end he redeems himself and is seenas popular and prestigious. Wouldnt you consider that more of a success andnot a tragedy?